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| Membrane separation for producing ULS gasoline |
Jeff Balko and Gilles Bourdillon, Grace Davison
Nick Wynn, Sulzer Chemtech Membrane Systems |
2003 / Q2 |
Membrane-based sulphur removal technology has emerged as a simple
and cost effective way to minimise the volume of octane-sensitive light
and intermediate FCC gasoline, avoiding capital-intensive and high
operating cost post-treatment.
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| Catalytic solutions for improved performance |
Pierre-Yves Le Goff, Fabienne Le Peltier, Bruno Domergue, Axens
Jean-Francois Joly, Institut Francais du Petrole (IFP) |
2003 / Q2 |
Replacement of original by new generation catalysts in four CCR
units and a fixed-bed reformer has improved selectivity and run
length. Better performance was also achieved with technology
providing more uniform catalyst distribution.
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| Hydrocracking catalyst pre-activation |
Jarmila Vukovic, Daniel Neuman, Ioannis Bouchagiar, Tricat
Vladimir Farkas, Slovnaft
Emir Ceric, INA |
2003 / Q2 |
Case studies from two European refineries where pre-activated
catalysts were loaded with no indication of self-heating during air
exposure or of exothermic behaviour throughout the temperature range of
unit startup
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| Boosting ultra low sulphur diesel margins |
Jean-Luc Rouby and Bernard Martin, Shell Global Solutions
Rob van der Meij, Criterion Catalysts & Technologies |
2003 / Q2 |
For cost effective ULSD revamps, the use of technology such as
online analysers, APC and product quality management is considered
essential for finding the best solution for each processing step, for
both short- and long-term objectives.
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| Amine purification system to increase crude processing |
Alfred E Keller, ConocoPhillips Inc
Arthur L Cummings and Dennis K Nelsen, MPR Services Inc |
2003 / Q2 |
Bringing amine system contaminants down to low levels has reduced
operational problems and, with the use of a regenerable system for
cutting salt, hydrocarbon and solids contaminants, refinery throughput
has increased.
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| Improved optimisation of a refinery crude unit |
Sesadri Ranganathan, Arold Offerman, Jossy Cijntje, Refineria ISLA
Randall McFarlane and Victor Lough, Invensys |
2003 / Q2 |
A case study of real-time optimisation applied to a crude
distillation unit, and the online results that followed. The aim,
to maintain optimum economic operation against frequent feedback
changes, has also brought improved process consistency.
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| ULSD production: improved feed stream quality |
Daryl Hanson and Steve White, Process Consulting Services Inc |
2003 / Q2 |
Much of hydrotreater revamp investment costs in future will be in dealing with the most difficult-to-remove sulphur species, because of their low reaction rates. But upstream fractionation improvements could bring significant cost benefits.
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| Maximising profitability with FCC revamps |
Mark W Schnaith and Larry A Lacijan, UOP |
2003 / Q2 |
Three case studies of the way increased capacity and product flexibility were achieved in the face of equipment limitations and operating constraints. Optimising feed injectors and riser disengagers was among the strategies employed.
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| Hydrogen optimisation at minimal investment |
Nick Hallale and Ian Moore, AspenTech Ltd
Dennis Vauk, Air Liquide |
2003 / Q2 |
Refiners making long-term investments to meet clean fuel specifications could at the same time, with already-available technology, improve their existing hydrogen resources to boost profitability in the short term. The authors review the options.
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| C2 splitter retrofit and performance |
Sabah Kurukchi and Joseph Gondolfe, Stone and Webster
Antonio Joao Dias Prestes and Sergio Peter, Companhia Petroquimica do Sul (Copesul)
Peter McGuire, UOP |
2003 / Q2 |
High capacity valve trays have been replaced during a tower revamp with a different tray design, providing greater capacity plus ethylene product. The trays operate at higher turndown in reflux and feed rates and still produce on-spec products.
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| Maintaining reliability with good asset management |
Anthony J McNeeney and Michele Probst, Meridium Inc |
2003 / Q2 |
How software for managing asset performance, incorporating reliability-centred maintenance, determines the reliability of assets and automatically updates strategic information across an entire enterprise.
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| Improving company profits through productiviity gains. |
Bobby Singh, Project Assurance Inc |
2003 / Q2 |
Measuring productivity in capital projects and revamps, such as with the use of formal and analytical productivity measurements to assess field performance, provides management with options for increasing the effeciency of a workforce.
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| Dynamic simulation of a demethaniser column. |
M Sadrameli, M Sahkeri, J Towfighi, Chemical Engineering Department, Modares University. |
2003 / Q2 |
An implicity approach-based method for calculating distillation column dynamics has been used to model time-dependent effects of independent disturbances with a demethaniser column. Startup and shutdown sequences can be tested in this way.
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| Amine filtration in natural gas processing operations. |
John Hampton, Filtration Technolgoy Corporation
Guy Weismantel, Weismantel International |
2003 / Q2 |
A review of improvements in filtration and separation techniques for reducing processing costs and avoiding corrosion problems in the removal of H2S, CO2 and other impurities, while also producing high quality gas.
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| Removal of chloride compounds |
Peter V Broadhurst, Synetix |
2003 / Q2 |
A review of the use of chloride guard beds to treat liquid phase and gas phase streams to prevent operational problems from hard-to-detect organic chlorides, while at the same time avoiding side reactions and high partial pressures.
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| Burning sulphur compounds, with byproduct recovery. |
Olavo C Leite, Thermica Technologies |
2003 / Q2 |
Improved methods are required to recover elemental sulphur from a gas stream containing H2S and thereby reduce SO2 emissions. For refining, natural processing and coal gasification, the sulphur recovery unit is the primary area of concern.
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