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| Maintaining reliability of the FCC unit |
Warren Letzsch and Reggie Blinkhorn, Stone & Webster Engineering Inc
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2003 / Q3 |
A review of catalytic cracking equipment performance, design criteria, turnaround execution and their combined effect on long-term unit reliability and maintenance
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| Modelling disturbances in refinery operations |
Amir H Mohammadi Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Heriot-Watt University
Giti Abolhamd and Mohammad M Montazer-Rahmati, Faculty of Engineering, Tehran University |
2003 / Q3 |
Investigation of the transient state and optimisation of a fluidised-bed catalytic cracking unit for maximum feed while satisfying system constraints. One of the most important goals has been optimisation from an operating viewpoint
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| Creating value through hydrogen management |
Nitin M Patel William F Baade Leong Wah Fong, Air Products
Vinay Khurana, Technip-Coflexip
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2003 / Q3 |
The authors discuss new and alternative sources of hydrogen production and the way in which optimising separation technologies allows refiners to unlock the value of H2 currently sent to fuel
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| Reboiler and condenser operating problems |
Edward L Hartman and Tony Barletta, Process Consulting Services Inc |
2003 / Q3 |
Seemingly small details related to heat exchangers can have a negative impact on distillation system heat input, cause tray flooding and affect overhead condenser and column capacity. Case studies reported here illustrate some of the difficulties
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| Enhancement of heat |
Reza Yahyaabadi, Esfahan Oil Refining Company |
2003 / Q3 |
The use of longitudinal baffles in heat exchangers is not common, but this type of baffle can increase heat transfer rates while lowering the pressure drop with the same duty observed with segmented baffles
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| Improving FCCUs: bottoms system upgrades |
Dan Clark Lawrence Pump Inc
Scott Golden Process Consulting Services Inc
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2003 / Q3 |
A review of process flow scheme fundamentals and basic equipment operating and design principles that have improved unit operating profitability through better use of capacity, higher conversion and lower cost of maintenance
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| Industrial turbine over-speed |
Charlie Rutan, EquiStar/Lyondell Petrochemical Company
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2003 / Q3 |
A review of current standards and the relationship of turbine over-speed and the time-constant of rotors as it pertains to time lag of the over-speed devices, and the amount of energy stored between the trip valve and the exhaust of the turbine
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| Solutions to common rotational failures |
Tony Sofronas, Consulting Engineer
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2003 / Q3 |
A correct analysis of an equipment failure is essential if the same thing, or something like it, is to be prevented from happening again. The author offers his analysis of a number of things that can go wrong and how they could be avoided
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| Validating anti-surge control systems |
Nikhil Dukle and Krishnan Narayanan, Compressor Controls Corporation
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2003 / Q3 |
At a gas processing plant, real time simulation was used to analyse the design of a surge protection scheme for a natural gas compressor, after questions arose over the system’s effectiveness in the event of an emergency shutdown
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| State of the art gas treating |
Mahin Rameshni, Parsons Energy and Chemicals
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2003 / Q3 |
A close examination of natural gas preconditioning and final conditioning processes, including the associated chemical, physical and hybrid solvents involved. The author also looks at the various Claus tailgas-treating technologies
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| Improvements to tailgas treatment process |
Jean-Pierre Ballaguet and Cécile Barrère-Tricca IFP
Christian Streicher Prosernat
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2003 / Q3 |
A review of configurations in tailgas treating to achieve 99.9% sulphur recovery with smaller reactors – the result of advances in gas/liquid contactor and desalter technologies, enabling longer run lengths and more effective catalyst performance
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| Tackling fouling in vinyl monomer manufacture |
Deborah A Foster Allen R Syrinek J Paul Street Frederic Hisbergues
Ondeo Nalco Energy Services
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2003 / Q3 |
Conventional and new approaches to the control of fouling in vinyl monomer processes are discussed in this article, which describes the fouling characteristics of three vinyl monomer processes: acrylic acid, vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride
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| Catalytic oxidation of nitrogen containing VOC |
Vadim O Strots Grigori A Bunimovich Yuri S Matros, Matros Technologies Inc
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2003 / Q3 |
An outline of the treatment of gas streams containing VOCs, focusing on the kinetics and process design aspects needed to achieve over 98% VOC destruction efficiency and less than 15% of nitrogen oxidation converted to nitrogen oxides
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| Causes and remedies in caustic tower fouling |
Marilyn W Blaschke, Baker Petrolite
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2003 / Q3 |
A review of diagnostic tests that are used for identifying the causes of caustic system fouling. The author also looks at methods of monitoring the onset of fouling and some of the ways by which the problem can be minimised
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