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| Diesel and VGO recovery |
Tony Barletta, Process Consulting Services Inc |
2005 / Revamps |
Fundamental design considerations influencing diesel and vacuum gas oil (VGO) recovery when revamping existing or designing grassroots crude units. By increasing vacuum column diesel recovery, crude throughputs via major conversion units may also be increased.
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| Corrosion monitoring improvements |
Richard E Mathers, Nalco Ltd |
2005 / Revamps |
Case study examines prediction, monitoring and mitigation of corrosion-related effects at a West European refinery operating in a high temperature, naphthenic acid environment, and shows how metal loss was prevented when processing heavy acidic crudes.
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| Crude unit preflash drums and columns |
Scott W Golden, Process Consulting Services Inc |
2005 / Revamps |
Preflash drums and preflash columns have a significant effect on crude charge hydraulics. The reasons for using preflash equipment are discussed, including general design considerations and problems that are created if they are designed incorrectly.
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| The role of maintenance in start-ups |
Brian Pritchard, Shell Canada Ltd |
2005 / Revamps |
A multi-billion dollar heavy oil upgrader project emphasised the importance of maintenance management considerations during project development. The author reviews the critical role that maintenance played in this successful start-up. Key phase considerations are outlined.
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| Maximise VGO yield |
Greg Cantley, Kevin Basham and Steve Barnett, Marathon Petroleum Company LLC
Edward Hartman, Process Consulting Services Inc. |
2005 / Revamps |
Fundamental operating principles of vacuum ejectros are discussed, including incidents leading to sudden increases in ejector suction pressure, known as breaking. Proper ejector component selection and design can significantly prevent breaking and increase VGO yield, while reducing resid production
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| Dynamic corrosion appraisal |
Russell D Kane, Dawn C Eden and David A Eden, InterCorr International Inc |
2005 / Revamps |
Monitoring time-varying corrosion with technology that inputs corrosion as a real-time process variable lets operators correlate corrosion excursions with operating and process parameters and helps manage chemical and other corrosion prevention treatments.
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| Improving sulphur recovery |
Lorenzo Micucci, Siirtec Nigi SpA |
2005 / Revamps |
Use of high Claus ratio technology permits operating Claus plants off-ratio, regardless of tail gas technology employed. Sulphur recovery at 99.8% is possible regardless of flow rates and/or composition changes to sulphur recovery units.
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| Maximising plant productivity |
George DeBakey, AP Netowrks LLC
Bassam Samman, CMCS
Sulaiman Sultan Mohammad, Kuwait National Petroleum Company
Kirk Blanchard, Valero Energy, St Charles Refinery
Dean Edmundson, Primavera Systems Inc |
2005 / Revamps |
Combined project management, risk assessment and asset management tools and methodologies can achieve the optimum systems integration capable of addressing every aspect of a project.
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| Reducing refinery heater revamp costs |
Tony Tindall, Foster Wheeler Energy Ltd |
2005 / Revamps |
The current condition of thousands of fired heaters built since the second half of the 20th century requires urgent attention. This article discusses the importance of being able to deliver a safe, cost-effective heater revamp, in the shortest possible shutdown.
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| Optimising plant steam systems |
Kerrigan Mendicino, Pipe Line Development Co. |
2005 / Revamps |
How one process facility avoided excessive boiler feed water leaks and steam venting between major turnarounds. A shear plug system helped maintain steam system temperatures at the desired letdown rates, eliminating significant imbalances.
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