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| Recycling of precious metal catalysts |
Christian Hagelüken Michel Verhelst, Umicore Precious Metals Refining |
2004 / Catalysis |
A look at the best available technologies for efficient and environmentally sound recycling of complex spent catalysts used in both oil refining and petrochemical processes
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| Catalyst bed protection |
Damien R MacCord, RPA Process Technologies
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2004 / Catalysis |
Liquid filtration systems protect fixed-bed reactors from contamination, leading to extended catalyst life and longer run lengths. Major factors to consider when selecting a filtration system are discussed
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| Assessing catalyst quality |
Pierre Dufresne Fréderic Jardin François Locatelli, Eurecat SA
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2004 / Catalysis |
Increases in ultra-low sulphur fuel production will require new catalytic tests to assess the reusability of regenerated HDS catalysts. New surface area and activity correlations needed for these tests are discussed
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| Maximising hydrocracker profitability |
Mike Gunter Criterion Catalyst Company
Diana Altrichter Zeolyst International
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2004 / Catalysis |
Hydrocracking unit product quality and yields improve with stacked
bed loading technology. The catalysts loaded in each bed are customised
for changes in reactor conditions encountered throughout the unit’s
typical run length
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| Raising FCC catalyst circulation |
Warren Letzsch David Banks, Stone & Webster Inc
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2004 / Catalysis |
Extra cat feed and increased profits with quality products can come
from improved catalyst circulation as a result of better slide-valve
pressure differential, optimised standpipe diameter and withdrawal well
design
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| Pre-treatment improves FCC performance |
Per Zeuthen Haldor Topsøe A/S
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2004 / Catalysis |
Feedstock hydrotreatment catalyst provides improved HDS and HDN
activity at various unit operating pressures. The resulting economic
benefits are gained through better product yield structures and longer
pre-treatment cycles
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| Maximisation of FCCU LPG olefinicity |
José Marchena José Manuel Llanes Mari Fe Elía CEPSA
Sergio Sobrinos Fernando Sánchez Grace Davison
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2004 / Catalysis |
A 35 per cent increase in C3/C4 olefins yield was achieved by a
refinery in Spain using the right combination of operating variables,
additives and catalysts without changing the reactor-regenerator
configuration
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| Advanced FCC catalysts for VGO applications |
Ray Fletcher Akzo Nobel Catalysts bv |
2004 / Catalysis |
High-accessibility catalysts allow more difficult feedstocks to be
processed through the FCC. These new formulations can add considerable
value to refiners running more conventional feeds, but who may have
hardware or operating constraints limiting unit performance
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| Optimising FCC unit performance |
Hugh Niblock BP
Marius Vaarkamp Maarten van Vliet Engelhard Corporation
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2004 / Catalysis |
Additive currently used in several FCC units increases
conversion and gasoline yield without exceeding coke or gas limits. The
resulting operating flexibility provided by the additive at an
Australian refinery is discussed
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| FCC catalyst evaluation |
Sanjay Bhargava KBC Advanced Technologies Ltd
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2004 / Catalysis |
A post audit at a Japanese refinery using a proprietary FCC model
and catalyst-evaluation methodology determines a real improvement in
profitability. The methodology for isolating the effect of catalyst
alone on FCC yields is discussed
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| Gasoline sulphur removal and olefins reduction |
Fang Xiangchen Zhao Leping Hu Yongkang FRIPP/SINOPEC
Guo Hongchen Dalian University of Technology
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2004 / Catalysis |
Newly developed olefins-to-aromatic-and-alkylate technology
significantly reduces the amount of sulphur and olefins in full-range
FCC gasoline, resulting in higher gasoline yields and low road octane
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| Advances in hydrogen plant catalyst |
Peter V Broadhurst Johnson Matthey Catalysts
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2004 / Catalysis |
Catalysts have a significant impact on steam-reforming plant rate and reliability. Catalyst selection depends on feedstocks, operating conditions and reformer design. Important criteria include activity, shape and size of the catalyst
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| Optimised hydrogen production |
Jürgen Bezler Süd-Chemie AG, Catalytic Technologies
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2004 / Catalysis |
This article describes advances in steam-reforming catalysts for meeting the increased demand for hydrogen in refinery operations. Retrofit options such as installation of a pre-reformer are also discussed
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