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| Improving commercial hydrocracking performance |
Stuart Frazer and Warren Shirley, The New Zealand Refining Company Ltd. |
1999 / Q4 |
A description of the commercial success that came from implementing
a strategy to improve hydrocracking unit performance, including the
methods used for controlling polynuclear aromatics and their effect on
performance
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| Advances in biocatalytic desulphurisation |
Elaine A Lange and Michael A Pacheco, Energy BioSystems Corporation. |
1999 / Q4 |
Significant advances have been made towards practical applications
of biodesulphurisation technology through reduction in process costs
and development of chemical co-products from waste sulphur
materials. Recent work in process and product development are
reviewed here.
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| The drive for refinery energy efficiency |
Steve M Brown, Linnhoff March Ltd |
1999 / Q4 |
Total Site analysis, apart from improving a refinery's energy
effeciency, also brings capital avoidance in site expansion, process
unit debottlenecking and other benefits. This article describes
how it was applied to a real life problem.
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| Optimising resid FCC unit catalyst design. |
Stephen J Yanik, Paul O'Connor, Anton H Pichel, Akzo Nobel Catalysts
Makoto Nakamura, Nippon Ketjen Company Ltd. |
1999 / Q4 |
A review of the advantages of applying the latest residue FCC unit
catalyst design technologies. The authors also discuss
improvements in small-scale catalyst evaluation techniques for
predicting the commercial benefits.
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| A cheaper way of alkylating propylene and amylenes |
J Randall Peterson, David C Graves, Ken Kranz, David M Buckler, Stratco Inc |
1999 / Q4 |
The authors describe how propylene and amylenes can be alkylated
using much less sulphuric acid catalyst. When a propylene-rich
feed is alkylated at high acid strengths, or amylene-rich feed is
alkylated at low strengths, acid consumption is similar to that of
butylenes.
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| Computational fluid dynamics: understanding unit operations |
Derek A Colman, BP Amoco Chemicals |
1999 / Q4 |
An account of six cases in which CFD - computational fluid dynamics - was used not only to aid in understanding and solving existing process problems but also to assist in the design of new process operations.
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| Advances in a catalyst cooler technology |
Tiny Y Chan and Dalip S Soni, ABB Lummus Global Inc
Zhang Fuyi, Luoyang Petrochemical Engineering Corporation/Sinopec |
1999 / Q4 |
New concepts have been brought to a well proven catalyst cooler technology. In this article reliability and flexibility of operation is assessed, and commercial experience of the technology in over 20 FCC units is discussed.
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| Thermal conversion in power integrated refinery schemes |
Frans A M Schrijvers, Peter J W M van den Bosch, Brugt A Douwes, Shell International Oil Products BV |
1999 / Q4 |
New and economically attractive options for an established technology like visbreaking are opening up as a result of the growing relationship between the industrial sectors of refining and electricity generation, say the authors.
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| Shell and tube heat exchanger applications |
Cecil C Gentry, Matthew C Gentry, Geoffrey E Scanlon, Phillips Petroleum Company |
1999 / Q4 |
Although they were originally designed to deal with tube vibration and the equipment failures that this could cause, the use of Rodbaffles has spread to a wide range of applications in the petrochemical and other industries.
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| Transient analysis of a utility steam system. |
Brian D Bumgarner, Scott Ray, Surajit Dasgupta, John R Cassata, Kellogg Brown & Root |
1999 / Q4 |
Dynamic simulation in the analysis of complex interactive systems has proved valuable in determining what effects variations in the dynamic characteristics of a package boiler would have on overall system performance.
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| Effective coke inhibition in pyrolysis furnaces |
S E Babash and T N Mukhina, VNIIOS Institute, Moscow |
1999 / Q4 |
Description of a technology with the potential for continuous operation of ethylene pyrolysis furnaces without periodic shutdown for coke removal. In this article the authors present their work in two parts: 1. Conceptual aspects of coke formation, and 2. Practical application in a Russian ethylene plant.
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| Applying advanced process controls to fired heaters |
Lee E Turpin and William J Korchinski, Aspen Technology Inc |
1999 / Q4 |
Some of the key issues involved in automation of heater firing are highlighted in this article, which aims to help operators improve firebox management. Case studies are presented, along with common mistakes that cost money.
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| Multiple utilities optimisation to improve process economics. |
H K Shethna, H Singh, Y Makwana, F J L Castillo, Hyprotech Ltd
U V Shenoy, Indian Institute of Technology. |
1999 / Q4 |
An outline of the methodology for computing optimal load targets as an important factor in arriving at overall optimal cost targets when external utilities are needed to meet a process plant's heating and colling requirements.
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| Olefin oligomerisation with homogeneous catalysis |
Helene Olivier-Bourbigou, Jean-Alain Chodorge, Philippe Travers, IFP |
1999 / Q4 |
Although homogeneous catalysis is not as widely used in hydrocarbon processing as heterogeneous catalysis there are industrial applications where the former, in liquid phase, has many advantages, including relatively high selectivity and product purity, low investment and mild operating conditions.
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| Simulating coke formation in gas quenchers |
M Sadrameli, H Ebadi, J Towfighi, Tarbiat Modarres University.
A Sharifi, Arak Petrochemical Complex |
1999 / Q4 |
A major requirement in ethylene production is the ability to predect exchanger parameters, particularly coke thickness inside exchanger tubes. This article presents the results of a computer simulation of a naphtha pyrolysis quench cooler, or transfer line exchanger (TLX), at Arak Petrochemical Complex, Iran.
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