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| Vertical integration for refineries and petrochemical units |
D H Purvis, R H Al-Shaikh, H A B Monro, Stone & Webster Canada Ltd |
1997 / Q3 |
A market-driven integrated refinery/petrochemical complex consistent
with current development plans in Asia, including India and China,
where there is strong potential for growth in demand, is described in
this article.
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| Catalytic reforming: real-time planning and optimisation |
Lee E Turpin, Honeywell Hi-Spec Solutions |
1997 / Q3 |
The four basic modes of catalytic reformer operation in modern
refineries are summarised. Degrees of freedom for optimisation,
and the need for catalyst deactivation predictions and infrastructure
requirements, are also reviewed.
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| Converting sulphide biologically |
Dennis sullivan and Balise Arena UOP
Andre de Vegt, Cees Buisman and Albert Janssen, Paques BV |
1997 / Q3 |
The Thiopaq treating process uses a living biological organism and
ambient operating conditions in an improved approach to the handling of
spent sulphidic caustic, with moderate investment and operating costs.
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| Simulation aid to main fractionator expansion |
Mark Pilling, Nutter Engineering
Paul Mannion Elf Oil Ltd |
1997 / Q3 |
This article describes the simulation methods and data testing
employed to upgrade the main fractionator at Elf Milford Haven's
alkylation unit, a prime aim of which was to improve the ratio of
recycle isobutane to olefin.
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| Converting VGO HDS units to moderate pressure hydrocracking |
David A Pappal, Mobil Technology Co
Michael G Hunter, M W Kellogg Technology Co
Lucas R Groeneveld, Akzo Nobel Chemicals BV |
1997 / Q3 |
An introduction to the technology of MAK Moderate Pressure Hydrocracking (MPHC), together with details of a successful revamp at the Chiba refinery of Kyokuto Petroleum Industries, Japan.
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| Revamp process design - optimum crude unit product yields |
Scott W Golden, Process Consulting Services Inc |
1997 / Q3 |
Designing a new crude unit is an unconstrained process, limited only by capital investment targets, while revamping an existing unit to optimise product yields is constrained by the existing equipment performance and design.
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| Cost effective upgrading of middle distillates |
Lee Granniss and Art Suchanek, Criterion Catalyst Co LP |
1997 / Q3 |
SynShift, a process for upgrading poor quality cracked distillate feedstocks, is shown in this article to achieve cost effective deep heteroatom reduction, aromatics removal and cetane/'API gain with substantial liquid yield.
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| An alkylation unit refrigeration expansion |
Anne Z Jezak, STRATCO Inc |
1997 / Q3 |
Revamp case studies have been made for a North American refinery using Freon-12 to cool the reaction zone of its sulphuric acid alkylation unit. Supply of Freon-12 is running out now that manufacture of the CFC-based chemical has been banned, and the refinery is having to seek alternative methods.
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| Oxygen enhanced Claus operation: a case study |
Churl-Hee Lee, Hanwha Energy Co Ltd
Andy Moore, TPA Inc |
1997 / Q3 |
An alternative to building an expensive new sulphur recovery complex under an expansion programme is to increase existing Claus unit capacity by using oxygen. This article highlights the successful implementation of TPA's Oxygen Injection system at Hanwha Energy's Inchon refinery sulphur recovery unit.
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| High performance catalyst for liquid phase EB technology |
Frederick Narsolis, Guy Woodle, Gregory Gajda, UOP
Dinesh Gandhi, ABB Lummus Global Inc |
1997 / Q3 |
The EBZ-500 catalyst has raised catalyst performance, achieving not only greater purity in the ethylbenzene produced and, consequently, in styrene monomer, but also in extended reactor runs and favourable investment costs.
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| Reforming exchanger system in large-scale methanol plants |
Robert V Schneider III and Girish Joshi, The M W Kellogg Co |
1997 / Q3 |
By eliminating a tubular fired furnace, the Kellogg Reforming Exchanger System (KRES), used in the production of methanol, is proving to be profitable and energy efficient against conventional steam reforming.
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| Contaminant purification with selective alumina adsorbents |
Karl Lin, Alcoa Industrial Chemicals |
1997 / Q3 |
Removal of trace contaminants in feed and intermediate streams associated with polyethylene and polypropylene processes is essential for trouble-free operations. This article reviews these contaminants, together with the use of molecular sieves and aluminas in purification of various process streams.
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| Amine unit cost element |
Mike Zacher, BP Oil
Ed Wagner, Chevron
Duke Tunnel, Alternate Source
Bruce Kennedy, Petro-Canada
Lon Stern, Shell Oil
Bruce Scott, BSI |
1997 / Q3 |
Two surveys were organised by the Amine Best Practices Group in order to build a database to compare the operating efficiency of different amine units. This article reports the findings of the latest survey, which focused on the question of operating costs and some of the design features affecting them.
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| Converting natural gas into liquid fuels |
Mark A Agee, Syntroleum Corporation |
1997 / Q3 |
A technology has been developed for converting uneconomically remote, sub-quality natural gas into synthetic liquid fuels, at plant capital costs low enough for its recovery to be financially worthwhile, based on current oil prices.
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