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| Improving refinery integration |
Ryuzo Watari, Chiyoda Corporation |
1998 / Q1 |
With deregulation of electric power production, the question of how
to turn waste products of upgrading processes into assets may be
answered by the combination of the Eureka cracking process and the
Texaco Gasification Power System (TGPS).
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| Reaping the rewards of an internal audit |
Brian M Moyse and Johannes Wrisberg, Haldor Topsoe
David L Yeary, Phillips Petroleum Co |
1998 / Q1 |
Production of 0.05 wt% S diesel for an acceptable period of time can
present challenges. This article quantifies the effect of a
properly designed distributor to enhance catalyst contacting efficiency
which, in the refinery discussed here, produced a 45'F lower reactor
temperature and double the run length.
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| Mid-barrel optimisation |
Gerald A Lambourn, AMEC Process and Energy |
1998 / Q1 |
Refiners face an unprecedented technological and economical
challenge in meeting the European Union's propsed new fuel
specifications. This article develops a planning strategy for the
typical cat cracking refinery with adequate conversion capacity.
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| Revamp opportunities for isomerisation units |
Christopher Gosling, Richard Rosin, Patrick Bullen, UOP
Toshio Shimizu, Cosmo Research Institute
Tetsuya Imai, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries |
1998 / Q1 |
Light paraffin isomerisation technology traditionally has used
either zeolite or chlorided alumina catalysts, each with certain
weaknesses. This article reviews a new isomerisation process,
Par-Isom, based on a high performance sulphated metal catalyst which is
robust and regenerable.
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| Integrated choice etherification system: Pt 2 |
Mario Marchionna and Roberto Trotta, Snamprogetti SpA |
1998 / Q1 |
The Integrated Choice Etherification System is aimed at the
production of different components. The most important features
of the etherification technologies employed, and their impact on the
reformulated gasoline pool, are outlined and discussed in this article.
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| Refining trends in hydrogen and syngas |
Alan Karp and Ronald L Dickenson, SFA Pacific Inc |
1998 / Q1 |
Hydrogen demand for bottom-of-the-barrel upgrading and fuel
reformulation, together with the power-for-sale opportunities created
by deregulation and the potential for converting natural gas to liquid
products, are raising new and widespread interest in synthesis gas
generation and utilisation.
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| Digital control rooms: are they what operators need? |
Robert W Szoke, Ashland Petroleum Company |
1998 / Q1 |
The control room's migration from analog panel boards to distributed control systems (DCS) solved many problems and created some new ones. Was it worth the effort? The transition to all-digital control rooms is discussed with an eye towards some technologies that are looming on the horizon.
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| Upgrade of predictive multivariable control for a delayed coker |
David J Anderson, Chevron Products Company
Dennis I Cima, Aspen Technology Inc. |
1998 / Q1 |
The new multivariable controller at Chevron's El Segundo delayed coker, now online for over a year, has increased unit profitability by some $1 million a year. The benefits achieved by the new fractionator and gas recovery system multivariable predictive controler include a more profitable yield structure.
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| OLE in process simulation model development |
Peter Stanley, Hyprotech Ltd |
1998 / Q1 |
Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) technology is enabling processors to choose the most suitable software components for their applications, and to adapt it to develop rigorous simulation models, reflecting realistic plant behavious, in a shorter time than ever before.
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| Improving instrumentation and control |
Michael A Spencer, HSB Reliability Technologies
Ross M Elliot, EnTech Control Engineering Inc |
1998 / Q1 |
The economic impact of poorly designed and maintained instrumentation and control systems is examined in this article, together with methods for improving and continuously maintaining their performance.
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| Gas plant advanced process control using personal computers |
William A Poe and P N Berkowitz, Continental Controls Inc |
1998 / Q1 |
A new technology in the economic optimisation of gas processing has improved operations in a wide range of inlet conditions. The approach has effectively reduced operator interaction and also achieves better results when placed under supervisory control.
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| Ethylene revamps using Advanced Recovery System |
John Reid and Ken Bush, Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation |
1998 / Q1 |
Advanced Recovery System technology has been widely adapted, with some 4 million tons a year of new ethylene capacity committed to it and 6 million tons of revamp capacity operating or being prepared. This article examines results to date and highlights revamp projects in progress.
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| Relative economics of mixed C4 processing routes |
Stacia M Edwards, Stephen J Stanley, Margaret M Shreehan, ABB Lummus Global |
1998 / Q1 |
Ethylene producers are seeking ways to upgrade the mixed C4 stream from ethylene plants to improve operating economics. Various technologies have been commercialised, including butadiene extraction, MTBE, and several others that can be combined to produce or recover various C4 products.
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| Two-chain characteristics of bimodal polymers |
Jouni Takakarhu, Borealis Polymers Oy |
1998 / Q1 |
The basis of Borstar polyethylene technology, which offers bimodal PE grades for many applications requiring combined strength and processability, is a proprietary catalyst and loop-gas phase reactor process, described in this article.
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