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| Integrating a refinery and petrochemical complex |
Partha Maitra, Reliance Petroleum Ltd John Folkers, UOP LLC Peter Coles, Bechtel Ltd
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2000 / Q4 |
An account of the planning and organisation that went into a project to converge the operations of a combined 540 000bpd refinery and petrochemical plant, thereby minimising processing costs and optimising product distribution.
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| Upgrading heavy oil using iron/active carbon catalyst |
Satoshi Terai and Hidetsugu Bukuyama, Toyo Engineering Corporation (TEC) Kaoru Fujimoto, University of Tokyo
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2000 / Q4 |
Iron/active carbon catalyst has effectively cracked heavy residual oil, restricting formation of asphaltene and suppressing coke formation at higher conversions under low hydrogen pressure. It also showed strong activity in sulphur removal.
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| Solvent deasphalting and gasification: a synergy |
Andrea Bernetti and Mauro De Franchis, ERG Petroli SpA Jon C Moretta and Pankaj M Shah, Kellogg Brown & Root Inc
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2000 / Q4 |
An analysis of the different refinery bottoms processing schemes, identifying configurations that produce the lowest cost feedstock for the integrated gasification combined cycle complex while maximising refinery profitability.
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| Processing feedstock having high nitrogen content |
Ruichi Zhang, Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Sinopec
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2000 / Q4 |
A description of the way in which the denitrogenate catalytic cracking (DNCC) process can abate the contamination of basic nitrogen in cracking catalyst, and also increase FCC conversion and gasoline octane number.
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| Hydrogen: innovative business solutions |
Graham Phillips, Foster Wheeler Energy Ltd
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2000 / Q4 |
The author presents a systematic approach to the problems that follow from the increasing demand for hydrogen in the search for clean, low sulphur fuels - and which can result in greater CO2 emissions which refinereis are anxious to reduce.
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| Retaining know-how with Knowledge Management |
Laurence M Myers, RWD Technologies
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2000 / Q4 |
Economic pressurs tempting plants to delay turnarounds means that some of their most experienced operators will have moved on by the time their expertise is needed. The author describes how Knowledge Management can anticipate this.
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| Troubleshotting FCC standpipe operations |
Joseph W Wilson, Barnes & Click Inc
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2000 / Q4 |
An outline of the fundamentals of standpipe flow - the author discusses problems often encountered in standpipes, diagnostic tools that can be used to identify the nature of the problem and possible corrective actions that can be taken.
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| Cracking furnace design by computer application |
Dieter Kaufmann and Dieter Mihailowitsch, Linde AG
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2000 / Q4 |
Examples of how a technique known as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been employed to improve and optimise the design of the cracking furnace. The authors describe simulation used for the radiant and heat recovery sections.
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| distributed distillation with heat integration. |
John A Reid, Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation
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2000 / Q4 |
Increased feed capacity and/or reduced energy cost are often possible in the development or modification of a distillation sequence, using a process with proven heat integration concepts, such as side reboiler or pump-around loop.
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| Divided-wall columns - a novel distillation concept |
Frank ennenbach, Baerbel Kolbe, Uwe Ranke, Krupp Uhde
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2000 / Q4 |
The technology of divided-wall columns using a single distillation tower, described in this article, is claimed to have investment and operating advantages over conventional two-column systems for hydrocarbon fractionation.
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| Improved reactor internals for HGO hydrotreaters |
F Emmett Bingham, Haldor Topsoe Inc Edwin Chan, Tony Mankowski, Peter Hubbard, Syncrude Canada Ltd
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2000 / Q4 |
Reactor internals of a plant's heavy gasoil hydroprocessing units, which became inadequate for the operations they were originally designed for, have been replaced with a system which has significantly improved all-round performance.
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| Optimal cleaning strategies in heat exchanger networks |
Bruce Pretty and Alan Karp, Veritech Inc
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2000 / Q4 |
Deciding the best strategy for cleaning a heat exchanger network can be complex and time-consuming. The authors describe an approach using spreadsheet-based software tools, found to be quick and practical and yielding significant benefits.
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| Compact heat exchangers: design and service |
Lars Warlin and Tobias Svensson, Alfa Laval Thermal
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2000 / Q4 |
Heat exchanger technology has come a long way since the plate heat exchanger made its first appearance over 60 years ago, and the latest compact developments, featuring ease of installation, maintenance and cleaning, are described in detail.
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| Explicit equations for pipe sizing |
B B Gulyani and C P Agarwal, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Roorkee
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2000 / Q4 |
Fluid turbulence, viscosity and the degree of roughness or smoothness of the internal wall of a pipe are all factors influencing the movement of a fluid to its ultimate destination. The authors describe a method for estimating these effects.
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| Biological clean-up of hydrocarbon pollution |
Alica Eszenyiova, Gabriela Polakovicova, Vladimira Bilska, Helena Rajnohova, Slovnaft VURUP Inc
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2000 / Q4 |
A project to decontaminate soil polluted by hydrocarbons, using bioremediation, has proved to be an efficient and cost effective treatment which, in the case reported here, has resulted in savings of 70 per cent over landfill.
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| Refinery upgrade meeting environment standards |
Gerarde Downing, Irish Refining plc
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2000 / Q4 |
An account of the resurgence of an oil refinery, shut down because of over capacity and then re-emerging as a country's major supplier of petrol, diesel and kerosene while upgrading to European environmental directives.
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