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| FCC cyclones - a vital element in profitability |
Robert McAuley, Shell UK Oil Products Huub Driess, Shell Global Solutions International
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2001 / Q2 |
When it was found that standard cyclone designs did not always work reliably, an extensive development programme was initiated to design and produce cyclone systems specifically to form part of a refinery's overall FCC operations.
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| Advanced recycle paraffin isomerisation technology |
Bruno Domergue, IFP Industrial Division
Russel Matthews, Holborn Europa Raffinerie GmbH
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2001 / Q2 |
An examination of how combining chlorinated catalyst, molecular sieves and well designed process configurations can maximise the value of C5/C6 streams. A case study outlines a refinery's programme for meeting Euro 2005 specifications.
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| Preventing salt fouling in FCC main fractionators |
David O Martin, Nalco/Exxon Energy Chemicals
Richard O Allen, Texaco Ltd
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2001 / Q2 |
Results of using sale dispersant additives on a badly fouled FCC unit has shown that the method allows refiners to avoid more costly methods of naphtha fractionation and, potentially, water washing of the main fractionator.
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| Steady state simulator to monitor treater performance |
Michael C Hu and Robert T Powell, KBC Advanced Technologies Naoki Yomoji and Danichiro Ohshima, Kashima Oil Company
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2001 / Q2 |
A description of a procedure used successfully at a Japanese refinery in which a steady state hydrotreater model was used to monitor the effects of feed quality, so that changes in key process factors could be matched against catalyst age.
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| Economic treattment options for effluent caustics |
Malcolm G Sharpe and Ramiro G Vazquez, Merichem Chemicals and Refinery Services LLC
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2001 / Q2 |
The authors describe how selective application of technologies involving partial oxidation, total oxidation and deep neutralisation could add value to caustic streams while meeting environmental quality standards.
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| An economic approach to future fuel specifications |
Jorg Reinhard, Veba Oel Verarbeitungs GmbH Ulrich Balfanz, Aral Forschung FDT
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2001 / Q2 |
In anticipation of the extra burden forthcoming fuel specifications will impose on the industry, a joing venture in Germany has gone ahead with a project to convert a surplus heating oil based stream to high-value petrochemical feedstock.
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| Treating options to meet clean fuel challenges |
Rik B Miller, Aristides Macris and Arthur R Gentry, Kellogg Brown & Root Inc |
2001 / Q2 |
The multiple challenges of meeting fuel specifications and upgrading low value streams, such as LCO and heavy naphtha, call for a comprehensive understanding of various hydroprocessing options. This article discusses some of them.
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| CO2 management - a refiner's perspective |
Simon C Clarke, Foster Wheeler Energy Ltd
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2001 / Q2 |
A review of the general issues of carbon dioxide emission that concern the refiner - and an indication of how some smart targeting and decision-making, with enhanced operation, can establish the business in the global marketplace.
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| Removal of silica particles from flue gases |
G Gentilini, M Giovinazzi, B Manduca, G Iaquaniello, Kinetics Technology International SpA (KTI)
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2001 / Q2 |
Venturi scrubbers combined with wet electrostatic precipitators have been found to achieve more than 99 per cent removal of fine particle pollution. The authors look at the efficiency of flue gas treatment in the removal of very small particles.
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| Intelligent hydrogen network management |
L McGregor and G Colantuoni, Gensym D Lupica and M Tarantino, AgipPetroli
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2001 / Q2 |
Real-time intelligent systems can make significant improvements to the H2 utilisation efficiency of petroleum refining operations. This article examines the application of a hydrogen network management system at a refinery in Italy.
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| Fractionator and gas plant revamp for best returns |
Krish Nangia, David Schulte, Ed J Smet, Fluor Daniel Bernard Demulder, TotalFinaElf
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2001 / Q2 |
A review of a combination of options available for switching modes of operation for the FCC main fractionator and the gas plant, bringing an improvement in selectivity, together with the ability to operate at a higher throughput.
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| Reboilers behind distillation tower problems |
Edward L Hartman and Daryl W Hanson, Koch-Glitsch Inc
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2001 / Q2 |
A review of common reboiler designs, with a discussion of case studies of reboiler problems that caused towers to fail to meet expectations. The aim in each case was to undertake simple modifications to reboiler circuits without costly revamps.
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| Avoiding unscheduled shutdowns |
Gary L Martin and Tony Barletta, Process Consulting Services Inc
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2001 / Q2 |
Case studies have demonstrated that correct heater design and consequent performance will determine crude unit run length. This article reviews two case histories that highlight some of the problems that result in rapid coking.
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| Instrumentation: the key to revamp benefits |
Andrew W Sloley, The Distillation Group Inc
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2001 / Q2 |
The author presents some examples from recent troubleshooting experiences at plants with ineffective instrumentation, all of which caused major losses before they were found and fixed.
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| A reformer model for a petrochemicals complex |
Hyun Chul Kim and Hae Sup Yoon, Samsung General Chemicals Lee Turpin, Ajay Lakshmanan, Nam Soo Park, Aspen Technology
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2001 / Q2 |
A recently built petrochemical complex has been working on a programme to predict the yield patterns for a variety of feeds and operations, using case studies to determine how actual performance compares with the plant's potential.
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| Developing a process for the new century Developing a process for the new century |
J Mark Houdek, Charles L Hemler, Rusty M Pittman, Larry L Upson, UOP LLC
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2001 / Q2 |
With petrochemical product values and environmental pressures adding new demands to FCC technology and operations, a process has been developed which has been producing particularly high yields of light olefins and aromatics.
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| Simulation of styrene monomer reactors |
M Sadrameli and A Irankhah, Tarbiat Modares University E Nateghi, Tabriz Petrochemical Plant
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2001 / Q2 |
Agreement between the simulated and the experimental results in an exercise involving three reactors at a petrochemical plant established the accuracy of the proposed model and the simulation programme.
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