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| Comparison of clean diesel production technologies |
C K Lee and Steve McGovern, PetroTech Consultants
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2002 / Q1 |
Technology is available for meeting 15ppmw sulphur for road transport diesel, but technologies required to produce ultra low sulphur diesel are not necessarily the same as those for producing diesel with high cetane and low polyaromatics.
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| Revamping conceptual process design |
Tony Barletta and Gary Martin, Process Consulting Services Inc
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2002 / Q1 |
With the desirability of getting the maximum use out of existing equipment when revamps are planned - not least to minimise investment costs - a rigorous approach to CPD is required to avoid scope growth.
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| New developments in resid hydroprocessing |
K Fujita, S Abe, Y Inoue, Nippon Ketjen Co Ltd F L Plantenga and B Leliveld, Akzo Nobel Catalysts
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2002 / Q1 |
A comparison of fixed bed and ebullated bed hydroprocessing rom the viewpoint of the process and sediment formation. The authors also look at new grades of catalysts for fixed bed and ebullated bed units.
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| Understanding gas treating fundamentals |
James L Jenkins and Randy Haws, CCR Technologies Inc
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2002 / Q1 |
While much is being placed on the study of conversion and hydroprocessing units, refiners are finding that primary amine units and associated sulphur plants require study and optimisation to meet the new environmental challenges.
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| Cost benefit evaluation of risk-based maintenance |
Klaus Stucker, Dagmar Kalkhof, Ludwig Hoin, Wilhelmshavener Raffinerie GmbH Jurgen Hofmann, DNV Germany GmbH
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2002 / Q1 |
A cost effective maintenance strategy is of prime importance to the profitability of a refinery. This article compares various strategies - like condition-based maintenance and reliability-centred maintenance - with risk-based maintenance.
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| Using surplus equipment in hydroprocessing units |
Weldon H Lybarger and Gerald D Lamb, Mustang Engineers and Constructors
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2002 / Q1 |
An exmination of the economics, maintenance considerations, design and other questions in purchasing used versus new equipment for plants, not only in revamps but also for installation in new grassroots facilities.
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| Effect of feed properties on FCC unit performance |
Robert J Campagna, Dennis C Kowalczyk, Jack R Wilcox, Refining Process Services Inc
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2002 / Q1 |
Hydrotreating FCC feed is a viable option for refiners wishing to produce ultra low sulphur gasoline and diesel fuels, and the economics are superior to product-treating, say the authors, but they warn of the high capital costs that this entails.
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| A way of increasing model predictive control efficiency |
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2002 / Q1 |
A review of the advantages of closed-loop identification in industrial model predictive control, with two case studies showing how the asymptotic method reduces the cost of identification and time needed in testing and data analysis.
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| Software for improved fuel and lubricant blending |
Frank Rutzen, Ingo Gruszka, Horst Grunewald, Benke Instrument & Elektro GmbH Jorg Knaak Holborn Europa Refinery GmbH
Gunter Gruhn, Technical University Hamburg-Harburg
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2002 / Q1 |
An examination of the way in which the complexity of mixing hydrocarbons to final products can benefit from an integrated planning and optimising system, the basis of which is maintaining a consistent and up to date foundation of data.
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| Process control of twin olefins plants |
Reinhard Votsch, DEA Mineraloel AG Ravi Nath, Zak Alzein, Rogier Pouwer, Honeywell Hi-Spec Solutions
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2002 / Q1 |
Several factors persuaded the Wesseling refinery in Germany to replace the advanced process control system it had been using successfully for some years, and the payoff has been the achievement of maximum performance.
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| Flare steam control using a hybrid approach |
Manfred L A Gross, DEA Mineraloel AG Richard C Anderson and Tom E Ayral, Key Control Inc
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2002 / Q1 |
Installation of a hybrid expert system and control application at a Germany refinery to automate steam supply to excessively-smoking olefin flares has succeeded in reducing environmental complaints and also simplified the board operator's job.
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| Monitoring performance of the process controller |
Alan J Hugo, Control Arts Inc
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2002 / Q1 |
With controller performance assessment an important part of the control engineer's standard routine, this article reviews the various techniques, their applicability and their advantages and limitations.
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