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| Increasing Value of ULSD assets |
Justin Swain, Criterion Catalysts & Technologies |
2006 / Q2 |
Two new proprietary catalyst manufacturing technologies have been developed that provide a range of products, extending ULSD performance and operational flexibility beyond the level delivered by current technology.
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| Crude column relief design |
Uwe Nagel, OMV Deutschland GmbH Howard B Jemison and Cal Depew, SimSci-Esscor Ralph-Uwe Dietrich, Invensys Process Systems
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2006 / Q2 |
Examination of a crude unit's behaviour using a dynamic model can provide significant insight into the operation and transient behaviour of the process, preventing unnecessary investments in relief system upgrades.
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| Enhancing FCC performance |
Carel Pouwels, Albemarle Catalysts Company BV
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2006 / Q2 |
Laboratory data demonstrates the performance of catalyst technology designed to address the three fundamentals of heavy feed cracking: coke and dry gas selectivity, metals tolerance and bottoms upgrading.
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| Metathesis for maximum propylene |
Robert J Gartside and Marvin I Greene, ABB Lummus Global
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2006 / Q2 |
Using metathesis technology to process refinery-based C4 feedstocks can maximise propylene. The economic advantages of flow schemes using alpha-olefins, such as ethylene or isobutylene, in the metathesis reaction with C4 olefins are discussed.
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| Residue desulphurisation and conversion |
Cecile Plain and Eric Benazzi, Axens Denis Guillaume, IFP
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2006 / Q2 |
Technology and market imperatives converge to enhance residue desulphurisation and conversion value. The current market forces that presage a boom in resid hydrotreatment are examined along with recently reported progress in technology.
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| Processing resid through FCCUs |
Warren Letzsch, Shaw Stone & Webster Inc Derek Lawler, Shaw Stone & Webster Inc |
2006 / Q2 |
While residual feeds can be run in any FCCU, it is important to consider the riser design, termination selection and stripper technology along with independent two-stage regeneration to minimise catalyst deactivation.
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| Converting SO2 to elemental sulphur |
Mahin Rameshni and Stephen Santo, WorleyParsons
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2006 / Q2 |
Historically available processes for large-scale SO2 recovery as elemental sulphur are inherently problematic in terms of operability, emissions, product quality and fuel consumption. An SO2 reduction process can overcome these drawbacks.
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| Residue upgrading |
Edward J Houde, UOP LLC Michael J McGrath, Foster Wheeler, USA
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2006 / Q2 |
An examination into the feedstock and process conditions where solvent deasphalting is the most appropriate technology for upgrading residue. Process variables, key design issues and finding a use for the SDA pitch are discussed.
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| Process burner spacing |
Mahmoud Fleifil, Michael Lorra, Charles E Baukal, Jeff A Lewallen and Daniel E Wright, John Zink Company LLC
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2006 / Q2 |
Burner-to-burner interaction can increase NOx emissions and cause flame impingement on process tubes. Predictive tools and rules of thumb have been developed to help identify when there may be interaction problems.
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| Fitness for service assessment |
Lynne Sharp and Jonathan Cook, ABB Engineering Services
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2006 / Q2 |
Case studies show how fitness for service assessment was used to assure the mechanical integrity of a natural gas absorber on a cyclic duty and a low-temperature liquid ammonia storage tank.
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| Designing vacuum units |
Scott W Golden and Tony Barletta, Process Consulting Services Inc
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2006 / Q2 |
When designing vacuum units for processing heavy Canadian crudes, reliability cost can be high if the feedstock's thermal instability is not fully appreciated. Process design considerations affecting VGO yield and quality are discussed.
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| Comparing packing efficiencies |
Mark Pilling and Nina Prohorenko-Johnson, Sulzer Chemtech USA Inc
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2006 / Q2 |
In mechanically demanding applications, grid packing can help control costs and product degradation. Important parameters such as grid surface area and its effect on efficiency are discussed.
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| Applying chemical cleaning solutions |
Bruce R Jansen, Refined Technologies
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2006 / Q2 |
The use of specially formulated cleaning chemistry applied to distillation columns, heat exchangers, pumps and other key processing equipment can improve operation margins.
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| Recovering pure aromatics |
Thomas Diehl, Barbel Kolbe and Helmut Gehrke, Uhde GmbH
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2006 / Q2 |
The recovery of pure aromatics feedstocks such as reformate of pyrolysis gasoline through solvent-based extractive distillation. The efficiency, purities and yields of a single-column extractive distillation configuration based on actual plant results are discussed.
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| Refinery CO2 challenges: part II |
Joris Mertens, KBC Process Technology Ltd
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2006 / Q2 |
CO2 emissions and hydrogen production costs in hydrogen plants. Understanding how the impact of unit configuration, operation conditions, feed type, fuel costs and other cost factors set the cost of hydrogen production.
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| Applying ultra-low-NOx burners |
Simon Barendregt, Iek Risseeuw and Frank Waterreus, Technip Benelux
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2006 / Q2 |
Application of computational fluid dynamics in the design of a high-flux ethylene furnace equipped with ultra-low NOx vortex burners. The fundamental kinetics mechanisms that are important in NOx formation under combustion are described.
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