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| Realities of rising costs |
John Jenkins, Jacobs Consultancy Inc
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2007 / Q3 |
Material costs, inflation, shortage of engineering expertise and other risk factors have changed the way contractors and operating companies work together to control project costs. Business practicies that address these issues are discussed.
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| FCC propylene production |
Ketih A Couch, James P Glavin, Dave A Wegerer and Jibreel A Qafisheh, UOP LLC
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2007 / Q3 |
Factors influencing the selection of propylene yield design points and a comparative study of an absorption-based gas concentration unit relative to cold-box recovery design show how refiners can leverage existing assets to close the market gap for propylene production.
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| The FCC unit as a propylene source |
Charles Radclife, Intercat Inc
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2007 / Q3 |
The FCCU is an important source of propylene production. Hardware and catalyst design changes can increase the propylene yield, but ZSM-5 and other additives are essential to optimise and retain the flexibility to respond to today's and tomorrow's challenges.
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| Crude overhead system design considerations |
Tony Barletta and Steve White, Process Consulting Services
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2007 / Q3 |
Proper crude unit overhead system design is important when building a new unit or revamping an existing one to process different crudes. Overhead condenser designs should meet the specific processing objectives, such as distillate yield, run length and energy recovery.
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| Elimination of refinery sour gases and trace components |
Hans-Peter Kaballo, Ulvi Kerestecioglu and Harald Klein, Linde Enginering Division, Linde AG
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2007 / Q3 |
Case study concerning elimination of sour gases and trace components from gasifiction gases. The objective is to produce pure hydrogen for hydrotreating within a refinery, and a feed gas for energy production in an IGCC.
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| Evaluation of sulphur-reducing technologies |
Lauren Blanchard, Grace Davison Craig Borchert and Min Pu, Valero Energy Corporation
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2007 / Q3 |
Case study where the impact of a FCC feed hydrotreater outage was minimised by running carefully selected feeds combined with sulphur-reducing technology appropriate for the type of sulphur species expected to be processed during the outage.
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| Selective hydrogenation of hydrocarbons |
Amarjit Bakshi, Refining Hydrocarbon Technologies LLC
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2007 / Q3 |
Selective hydrogenation and isomerisation of diolefins using fixed-bed conventional technology in a two-phase reactor configuration can help refiners to meet sulphur and aromatics limits for fuels such as gasoline, kerosene and diesel.
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| Upgrading an olefin polymerrisation unit |
David Verbitsky, Mitrajit Mukherjee and James Nehlsen, Exelus Inc
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2007 / Q3 |
A solid-acid catalyst (SAC) alkylation process can be used to effectively revamp an olefin polymerisation unit with minimal costs. An engineered SAC has been designed at multiple levels to give long life, resistance to poisons and high product octane.
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| Fieldbus technology in LNG and GTL plants |
David Wood, David Wood & Associates Saeid Mokhatab, Tehran Raymund Consulting Engineers
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2007 / Q3 |
Complex LNG and GTL processing facilities at remote sites can benefit from Fieldbus technology. Its predictive maintenance and plant interrogation capabilities can add to the overall reliability of the digital-based control system.
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| Expanding FCCU wet gas compressor capacity |
Tek Sutikno, Fluor Corporation
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2007 / Q3 |
Parametric correlations can predit WGC performance curves at different speeds and molecular weights. However, performance curves in a range of speeds and suction pressures must first be made available.
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| Dynamic simulation of a FCC unit |
Yiannis Bessiris and Vassilis Harismiadis, Hyperion Systems Engineering Ltd
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2007 / Q3 |
Increasingly complex FCC operations, such as predicting FCCU operation after switching from a conventional feed to a hydrotreated one, can benefit from simulation applications that improve the unit's real-time control system.
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| Upgrade of a tail-end acetylene converter |
Edgar Mohundro, BASF Fina Petrochemicals Sam Valleru, Scott Miller and Juergen Fuchs, BASF Corporation Dimitri Mertens de Wilmars and Bruno Leaustic, Total Petrochemicals
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2007 / Q3 |
An acetylene converter's poor performance was improved through the implementation of a succession of changes. Over a period involving several strategies, all acetylene off-specification incidents and flaring events were eventually eliminated.
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| Refining biofeedstock innovations |
Jennifer Holmgren, Chris Gosling, Keith Couch, Tom Kalnes, Terry Marker, Michael McCall and Richard Marinangeli, UOP-Honeywell
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2007 / Q3 |
Analysis of processing routes for producing renewable diesel, gasoline and olefins with feedstocks that include vegetable oil, pyrolysis oil and biomass. Biorenewable integration in refineries is evaluated along with work to commercially produce green diesel.
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| Distillate fuels from Coal-to-liquids processing |
J Mark Landrum and Jon Warzel, Baker & O'Brien Inc
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2007 / Q3 |
Numerous factors affect CTL economics and the technology for converting different qualities of coal into transportation fuels, chemicals and intermediates. Potential yields are based on future market conditions relative to crude prices and conventional refinery operations.
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| Industrial flaring: efficiency and smokeless combustion |
Olavo C Leite, Flare Industries Inc
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2007 / Q3 |
Flaring large volumes of gas by combustion should be safe, cost-effective and environmental friendly. Criteria ang general rules for industrial flaring steam include flare size and design, ability to entrain atmospheric air and other parameters.
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| Recycling of polyethylene production wastes |
A S Sultanov and S A Berdiev, NHC Uzbekneftegaz Shurtan Gas Chemical Complex
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2007 / Q3 |
Various rubber products including glues and rubber seals can be manufactured from compounds derived from the recycling of low-molecular polyethylene waste (LMPE)
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