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| Engineering emails for success |
Gregory M Lilburne, Hafedh Al-Qassab and Savas Soydaner, The Bahrain Petroleum Company BSC (c)
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2007 / Q4 |
PTQ has just published the Bapco Technical Writing Style Guide, based on two decades' experience of written communication in the technical services department of The Bahrain Petroleum Company. This article is based on the section relating to eamil. The Style Guide can now be downloaded from www.eptq.com.
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| FCC fundamentals: cyclones and vendor datasheets |
Ziad S Jawad, The Shaw Group
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2007 / Q4 |
A summary of FCC cyclones and their design. Understanding FCC cyclone vendor process datasheets and how to effectively use this valuable tool. Quick design checks of vendor cyclone process datasheets using cyclone fundamentals are provided.
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| Hydrocracking for heavy feestock conversion |
Vasant Thakkar, Don Ackelson, Rich Rossi, Bart Dziabala and Jim McGehee, UOP LLC
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2007 / Q4 |
As refiners move to process heavier crudes, hydrocracking and hydrotreating have taken on a more prominent role. The technical challenges posed by the chemical composition of heavy feedstock is analysed along with results of catalyst development efforts.
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| Unconventional crude upgrading challenges |
Scott Sayles, KBC Advanced Technologies Inc
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2007 / Q4 |
Case studies of upgrader technology selection such as blending of syncrude with bitumen and other intermediates. Unconventional crude quality is dependent on production location and method, design and final blending.
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| FCC unit revamp meets multiple objectives |
Mary Richardson, Suncor Energy Inc Ye-Mon Chen and Richard Sanborn, Shell Global Solutions (US) Inc
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2007 / Q4 |
Reliability improvement and MACT II compliance for an FCCU were achieved with regenerator modifications and new third-stage separator system. Benefits included five-year run turn around cycle and less after-burn.
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| Crude unit corrosion-control programme |
Randy Rechtien, Baker Petrolite Corporation
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2007 / Q4 |
An overview of crude unit corrosion-control techniques using low- and high-temperature case studies. Overhead corrosion control for low-temperature zones and naphthenic acid corrosion control for high-temperature zones are detailed.
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| Increasing FCC unit performance |
Divya Jain and Grandham Sri Ganesh, Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd
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2007 / Q4 |
How one refinery's low-investment revamp strategy boosted FCC performance. Unit limitations are discussed in detail, followed by the options that were explored and the final revamp carried out for overcoming unit constraints.
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| Oil/water interface control for desalters |
Paul Hewitt, Tracerco
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2007 / Q4 |
Profiling instrument provides vertical real-time phase density measurement in desalter vessels. Benefits include reduced process upsets from interface excursions, optimisation of crude blends, minimisation of chemical usage and reduction in chloride carry-through.
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| Troubleshooting tail gas amine treaters |
Nathan A Hatcher and Alfred E Keller, ConocoPhillips Company Ralph H Weiland and M S Sivasubramanian, Optimized Gas Treating Inc.
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2007 / Q4 |
Simulation of a tail gas-treating unit contaminated with sodium and heat-stable salt anions. Comparisons are made between plant performance data and the simulations. Accurate solvent analysis leads to improved simulation accuracy.
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| Ammonium salt removal in fuel gas burners |
Torsten Diestelkamp, Hermann Kempen and Berthold Otzisk, Kurita Europe GmbH Bernhard Hugot, BP Gelsenkirchen GmbH
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2007 / Q4 |
Chemical removal of ammonium salts allows refiners to clean fouled burner nozzles during normal operation without removing them for mechanical cleaning. Regular maintenance work is reduced to a minimum with less material stress for the equipment.
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| Advances in LNG vapourisation technologies |
Martin J Rosetta and Janna S Sills, Black & Veatch
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2007 / Q4 |
Increasing fuel efficiency, decreasing emissions and the impact on process economics compared to tradtional and novel LNG vapourisation technoloiges. Optimising the energy usage of the vapourisation train significantly impacts overall project economics.
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| Carbon capture in petrochemical operations |
Bollapraqada K Bhaskararao, MVGR College of Engineering
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2007 / Q4 |
A major obstacle to greenhouse gas reduction in refinery and petrochemical operations is the need for CO2 storage or sequestration. However, chemical convertion of captured CO2 to CO, which can be converted into valuable hydrocarbons, may be possible.
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| Process compressors for world-scale methanol plants |
Simon Early, Davy Process Technology
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2007 / Q4 |
Advancements in computing power and catalyst shape and size since the 1990s have made it possible to design the world's largest methanol plant, using compressor selection as the key to the optimum design.
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| Tray technology enhances extraction |
Waldo de Villiers and Jose L Bravo, Shell Global Solutions (US) Inc Glenn Shiveler, Sulzer Chemtech USA Inc Frank Siebert, The University of Texas at Austin
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2007 / Q4 |
A case study involving the revamp of two rotating disc contactors in aromatics service highlights the most important design considerations for enhancing capacity and efficiency in high-performance extraction sieve trays.
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| Computation of blending indices |
Didier Lambert, Topnir Systems
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2007 / Q4 |
Prediction of blending indices and characterisation of fuel components have increased in complexity with the blending of biofuels and additives. Case studies show how a real time system for the computation of blending indices has improved fuel recipe quality.
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| Post-revamp startup planning and support |
Andre Bernard, NOVA Chemicals Ltd
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2007 / Q4 |
Key design changes affecting ethylene plant process behaviour can directly impact plant startup. Process simulation has therefore been used to provide plant operators direction and resolution of abnormal conditions during startup execution.
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