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| A forward look at the refinery of the future |
Calvin B Cobb Invensys Inc
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2004 / Q2 |
A forecast of the way business and operating fundamentals in a
long-established industry are likely to affect future technical
applications. The author sees present and emerging technology providing
the adaptability to deal with plant disruptions
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| Refinery hydrogen Management |
Ruth A Davis and Nitin M Patel Air Products and Chemicals Inc
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2004 / Q2 |
Managing current hydrogen infrastructure and planning for future
requirements requires careful selection of the best combination of
recovery, expansion, efficiency improvements, purification and new H2
supply options
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| Selecting partial oxidation in refining |
Peter Hatchman and Martin Williams BP
Tony Collins Simon Minge Mike Berg BOC
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2004 / Q2 |
BP’s refinery at Brisbane is meeting clean fuels specifications as a
result of improvements to key process units. Collaborative efforts have
increased hydrogen production from partial oxidation, including the use
of heavier feedstocks
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| Hitting ULS targets through hydrogen management |
Wolfgang Hofer, OMV AG
Ian Moore , Aspen Technology Inc
Paul R Robinson , Air Liquide America
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2004 / Q2 |
Simulation, optimisation and identification of projects for the
hydrogen system at an Austrian refinery has helped to improve its
potential of over †5 million a year. The authors describe the
methodology applicable to hydrogen networks
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| Handling vent gases in sulphur plants |
Mahin Rameshni Parsons Energy & Chemicals Group Inc
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2004 / Q2 |
A review of methods to reduce emissions from vent gas systems such as
sulphur storage tanks and SO2 streams. Ways to increase sulphur
recovery capacity, and the design criteria for achieving emissions
requirements, are also discussed
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| Role of carbon capture in CO2 management |
Tony Creek Foster Wheeler Energy Ltd |
2004 / Q2 |
Gasification of low-value refinery residuals could be used to raise
utilities and hydrogen, allowing the relatively easy capture of half
the plant’s CO2 emissions. LP modelling also helps to examine balances
between SOx and CO2 emissions
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| Reducing gasoline sulphur with additives |
Michael K Maholland Intercat Equipment Inc
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2004 / Q2 |
Evolution of regulations in an era of limited capital has led to the
development of catalyst additive technologies to reduce FCC gasoline
sulphur. These additives can help to avoid more expensive
sulphur-reducing options such as pretreatment
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| Tradeoffs: unit availability vs capital expenditure |
Marty Moran and Hollis Bond Clockwork Solutions |
2004 / Q2 |
An analysis process helps to determine production bottlenecks as they affect availability and reliability. In this case, it will help to determine how a given amount of capital could be optimally spent to increase gasoline pool availability
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| HDS benefits from plate heat exchangers |
Peter Barnes PBA Consulting
Pierre-Xavier Bussonnet and François Reverdy Packinox
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2004 / Q2 |
Case studies illustrate benefits of plate heat exchangers versus shell and tube heat exchangers in hydrodesulphurisation units. Direct benefits include significant reductions in the operating duty of fired heaters and product coolers
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| Mechanical equipment and the ATEX Directives |
Andy Hollins ABB Engineering Services |
2004 / Q2 |
European Union requirements for operating mechanical equipment in potentially flammable atmospheres present major compliance issues for users and suppliers. This article provides guidelines for the appropriate measures to ensure compliance
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| Worldwide trends in RAM improvement |
J Patrick Williams KBC Advanced Technologies Inc
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2004 / Q2 |
A review of the improvements in plant reliability, availability and maintenance that have taken place to ensure better and sustainable results in a competitive market. Proactive, risk-based strategies are presented, with case studies
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| Maximising gas plant capacity |
Tony Barletta and Scott Fulton Process Consulting Services Inc |
2004 / Q2 |
Water entrapment and foaming must be avoided to maximise LPG recovery and minimise downstream unit contaminants. Fundamental process and equipment design principles that cause water entrapment and foaming are reviewed
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| Fluidised catalytic cracker hydrotreater revamp |
Raj Patel Haldor Topsoe Inc
Howard Moore Harrell Duff Brian Hamari Marathon Ashland Petroleum LLC
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2004 / Q2 |
Primary revamp of reactors, exchangers and other FCC pretreater components provided return on investment for a complex refining facility. Improved FCC yields, even from heavier feedstocks, increased the facility’s ULS fuels capacity
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| Alternative routes to paraxylene production |
Jacques Rault Christian Dupraz Françoise Montecot Axens
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2004 / Q2 |
An integrated refining and petrochemical approach to paraxylene manufacture from various feedstocks, such as excess aromatics in reformate or pyrolysis gasoline. A paraxylene production complex is reviewed and its component units described
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| New technology to produce ethyl acetate |
Mike Tuck and Mike Ashley Davy Process Technology
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2004 / Q2 |
Ethanol dehydrogenation to ethyl acetate allows a wider choice of feedstocks. Miniature process units reproduced the conditions for a full-scale plant with modules to investigate factors of process development and engineering design
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