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| LCO upgrading for increased distillate demand |
Rene Gonzales, Petroleum Technology Quarterly
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2008 / Q4 |
A shortage of straight-run diesel and other more desirable paraffinic feedstocks sees refiners turning to higher volumes of FCC light cycle oil to meet the growing demand for diesel, but not without challenges.
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| CO2 infrastructure development: CCS options |
Tim Bullen and Michael Stockle, Foster Wheeler
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2008 / Q4 |
How CCS options can be combined with linear programming to ensure optimum levels of CO2 reduction across the region. Capture schemes can be optimised against such targets as carbon price, injection gas requirements and total emissions.
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| Refinery water management |
Gert-Jan Fien, KBC Energy Services
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2008 / Q4 |
A holistic approach to refinery water management requires many aspects of the process and utility systems to work together. Waste minimisation and loss prevention for improving effluent water quality and rendering more water suitable for reuse are discussed.
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| Reducing FCC emissions without affecting reliability |
Rene G Gonzales, Petroleum Technolgoy Quarterly
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2008 / Q4 |
Both increasing demand for refined product and environmental regulations are affecting FCC operatons and require changes in equipment design. Operational concerns such as afternburn and hardware deterioration are but a few of the challenges.
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| FCC reactor design: part I |
Warren Letzsch, Chris Santner and Steve Tragesser, The Shaw Group
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2008 / Q4 |
An overview of the kinetics, important reaction mechanism consequences, fluidisation and hydrodynamics considered in the design of a FCC reactor, which is used to explain the reuslts seen in actual operations.
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| Impact of bitumen feeds on the FCCU: part II |
Keith A Couch, James P Glavin and Aaron O Johnson, UOP
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2008 / Q4 |
Refinery configuration optimisation through LP modelling identifies attractive investments for processing Western Canadian Select. These investments involve FCC, VGO hydrotreating or VGO hydrocracking.
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| Processing heavy ends: part II |
Phillip K Niccum and Aldrich H Northup, KBR
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2008 / Q4 |
Improvements in the SDA technology incorporated into ROSE units, together with expanding options for asphaltene product utilisation, have led to an increased rate of capacity for producing high-quality FCC feedstocks from asphaltenes.
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| Alkylation with solid acid catalyst |
Emiel H van Broekhoven and Edwin van Rooijen, Albemarle Catalysts Company
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2008 / Q4 |
Results of an environmentally friendly alkylation process using a variety of olefinic feedstocks to produce clean gasoline are discussed. Operating conditions, energy concumption, product purity and uutilisation of existing assets are considered.
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| Strategies for infrastructure reliability |
Thomas Kline and George Fischer, Structural Preservation Systems.
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2008 / Q4 |
Case studies assess the effects of civil infrastructure deterioration on a plant-wide basis or on a critical specific structural level, including the importance of employing an engineered approach to crumbling infrastructure challenges.
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| LP modelling for profit maximisation |
Reza Seif Mohaddecy, Islamic Azad University Sepehr Sadighi, M Bahmani and S Zahedi, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry
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2008 / Q4 |
Optimisation of a feed blender, CDU, VDU, visbreaker and product blender under changing feed specificiations. Central composite experimental design and response surface methodology are used to obtain a second-degree polynomial model for maximising profitability.
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| Offshore LNG industry developments |
Saeid Mokhatab, Tehran Raymand Consulting Engineers Adrian Finn, Costain Oil, Gas & Process Kamal Shah, Aker Solutions
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2008 / Q4 |
Recent developments in the LNG industry have improved the economic viability of offshore liquefaction processing, making it competitive with onshore processing plants. Three LNG experts focus on future developments in the offshore LNG industry.
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| Effective use of integrity management |
Keith R Lewis, Maarten M Festen, Andrew Saunders-Tack, Andre Blaauw, Simon Marsh and John T Reynolds, Shell Global Solutions.
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2008 / Q4 |
An overview of the many linked and interdependent corrosion and integrity management work processes, methodologies and tools for ensuring refining and petrochemical plant integrity and availability.
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| Improving process control with TDL technology |
Sam Miller, SpectraSensors, Inc
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2008 / Q4 |
Ultra-fast and highly accurate TDL-based analysers are replacing conventional sensors at refineries and gas processors, saving on maintenance while providing enhanced control over process integrity.
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| Staged FCCU main fractionator revamp |
Darius Remesat, Koch-Glitsch Canada Michael Popowick, CCRL
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2008 / Q4 |
A refinery column is debottlenecked in steps to address operational concerns and strategic goals. Understanding the site specific operational nuances and developming a representative revamp plan to accommodate the maintenance plan improves the project's success.
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| Refining high acid crudes |
Brian D Chambers, Honeywell Process Solutions Russell D Kane, iCorrosion
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2008 / Q4 |
Assessing crude oil corrosivity based on sulphidic and naphthenic acid corrosion. A revised procedure includes analysis, testing and a corrosion model that takes into account critical parameters for the evaluation of operational risk, unit upgrading and maintenance planning.
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