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| Hycrocracking and hydrotreating developments |
Rene Gonzalez
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2009 / Catalysis |
Current emphasis on middle distillate production requires the expansion of hydroprocessing capabilities affecting reactor and catalyst design. Increased diesel yields depend on the ability to effectively upgrade cracked feedstocks and LCO, while eliminating fuel oil production.
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| Increasing olefins yield |
Jose Maria Aguilar and J M Leon Gil, CEPSA Gibraltar-San Roque refinery Fernando Sanchez Arandilla, Grace Davison
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2009 / Catalysis |
Plant data show how an FCCU's propylene yield is maximised while minimising its dry gas and slurry yield at a CEPSA refinery. An integrated catalyst system was used to process high nickel-containing feedstock to avoid fuel gas system limits.
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| Reducing NOx emission from FCC regenerators |
Ye-Mon Chen and David Brosten, Shell Global Solutions (US)
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2009 / Catalysis |
Cast study demonstrates the performance of new technology for reducing NOx emissions in regenerator flue gas. The new developments reduce NOx emissions whether the FCCU is operating in full- or partical-burn mode
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| Impact of low-sulphur bunkers on refineries |
Mike Stockle and Tina Knight, Foster Wheeler Energy Limited
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2009 / Catalysis |
Proposed IMO global sulphur specifications on bunker fuels market and options available to reduce fuel oil sulphur are reviewed. The impact of these options on refinery operations are examined with case studies of a typical European refinery.
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| Continued gains in FCC pretreating: part I |
Desiree J De Haan, Andy Shivaram and Kevin D Carlson, Criterion Catalysts & Technologies
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2009 / Catalysis |
Cast studies show where users are achieving significant gains in system capability, flexibility and economics. Also discussed are catalyst system loadings that reduce the need for low-activity demetallisation catalysts traditionally required to process heavier feeds.
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| Mercury removal in hydrocarbon streams |
Steve Catchpole, Johnson Matthey Catalysts
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2009 / Catalysis |
The presence of mercury in refinery hydrocarbon streams results in detrimental effects, including catalyst poisoning, corrosion and safety issues. Absorbent technology for effective mercury removal is described with case studies and actual operating experience.
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| Producing propylene glycol from biomass |
Tony Pavone, SRI Consulting
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2009 / Catalysis |
Process and catalytic considerations for producing propylene glycol from glycerin-derived biomass sources are compared to current conventional sources, while economic factors and potential markets are discussed.
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| Increasing ULSD production with current assets |
Bob Leliveld, Albemarle Catalyst Company BV Steven Mayo, Albemarle Corporation
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2009 / Catalysis |
An understanding of the detailed kinetics in ultra-low sulphur diesel hydrotreaters yields an optimal catalyst system for higher throughput, increased cycle length and lower reactor temperature.
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