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| FCC fundamentals: turnaround best practices |
Ziad S Jawad, Shaw Energy & Chemicals Group
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2009 / Q2 |
Basic procedures and activities are presented for the unit engineer and other support personnel, designed to ensure a successful and safe FCC turnaround.
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| Improving energy efficiency |
Brendan P Sheehan, Honeywell Process Solutions Xin (Frank) Zhu, UOP, A Honeywell Company
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2009 / Q2 |
Major opportunities for energy efficiency and reduction of GHG emissions with a refinery/petrochemical complex are identified. Work process methodology for capturing these opportunities is proposed.
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| Design challenges for future CO2 pipelines |
Paul Andrews and Sub Parkash, Fluor UK John Barrie and Peter Hatcher, Fluor Canada
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2009 / Q2 |
Overview of some design issues that need to be considered when planning, engineering and constructing pipelines to transport CO2 in its supercritical state from process facilities to remote storage.
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| FCC catalysts for resid processing |
Simon Reitmaier, Daniel McQueen and Colin Baillie, Grace Davison Refining Technologies.
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2009 / Q2 |
The diversifying feedstock scenario for FCCU operations has resulted in significant growth in the resid feed sector. Case studies describe how FCC catalyst developments are being utilised to process increasingly heavier feedstocks.
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| Hydrocracker parametric sensitivity study |
Mjid Bahmani, Tarbiat Moalem University
Reza Seif Mohaddecy, Sepehr Sadighi and Maryam Mashayekhi, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry.
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2009 / Q2 |
Product yields and hydrogen consumption were predicted using a discreet lumping model. The model was used to study unit responses to changes in operating conditions, to show that small changes in catalyst loading and recyle ratio can significantly improve yields.
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| Optimising crude unit design |
Soun Ho Lee and Ian Buttridge, GTC Technology Jay J Ha, GS Caltex Corporation
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2009 / Q2 |
Real retrofit examples demonstrate how crude units can be successfully optimised with the crude slates currently being processed. Process design strategies are discussed in detail and highlight how retrofit targets are achieved.
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| Visbreaker optimisation: a step change |
Marc Rijkaart, Mario Vanacore and Christopher Russell, Nalco Europe.
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2009 / Q2 |
Optimising visbreakers is not just a matter of monitoring and adding chemicals. Opportunity crudes demand a more integrated approach. Linking field results with research simulation adds another critical dimension that can boost visbreaking economics.
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| Hydrogen-induced cracking and blistering |
Berthold Otzisk and Agnoula Gourzoulidou, Kurita Europe Frank Dean, Ion Science Klaus Bernemann, Evonik Oxeno
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2009 / Q2 |
Hydrogen damage to steel is a well-known consequence of corrosion in sour service. A corrosion inhibitor program can reduce hydrogen entry into the metal. This decreases or eliminates hydrogen damage, resulting in higher profitability and plant availability.
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| Continued gains in FCC pretreating: part II |
Desiree J deHaan, Andy Shivaram and Kevin D Carlson, Criterion Catalysts & Technologies.
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2009 / Q2 |
Case studies show the application of MHC systems in FCC pretreaters to increase middle distillate yields, while achieving reasonable conversion and cycle length. These systems offer stable operations at high temperatures and moderate pressures using low-quality feed.
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| Ambient conditions impact CO and NOx emissions: part I |
Wesley R Bussman and Charles E Baukal, Jr, John Zink
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2009 / Q2 |
Changing ambient conditions can impact CO and NOx emissions without proper process adjustments. A wide range of operating conditions show how these emissions can be affected by ambient condition changes for fuel gas-fired natural draft process heaters.
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| Cost-effective and reliable revamps |
Scott W Golden, Tony Barletta and Steve White, Process Consulting Services
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2009 / Q2 |
Test run hydraulic measurements and analysis, in conjunction with fundamental principles and equipment know-how, can help refiners to identify profitable, low-cost revamp opportunities.
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| Reliability vs recovery for delayed coking fractionators |
Darius Remesat, Koch-Glitsch Canada
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2009 / Q2 |
When selecting tower internals, numerous choices are available for coker main fractionator configurations, each offering benefits and trade-offs. Some of these choices are discussed along with insight into the internals features that can be provided in any coker fractionator.
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| Post-combustion capture of CO2 |
Abhilash Menon, Markus Duss and Christian Bachmann, Sulzer Chemtech.
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2009 / Q2 |
Case study of a generic amine-based absorption process. A lifecycle cost analysis for a power plant over a 40-year span clearly shows the advantages of structured packing over random packing.
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