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| Light crude oil Treatment |
Felipe Suarez and Herbert Wizig Merichem Chemicals & Refinery Services LLC
Liu Youchao China National Petroleum Corporation
Jack Zhang Jackson International Inc
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2004 / Q4 |
A review of caustic treating technologies useful in the removal of
volatile sulphur from sour light crudes. The authors describe how the
caustic treatment of light crude oil at facilities in Kazakhstan has
been profitable and economically sound
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| Refinery oxidative Desulphurisation |
Chris Gosling V A Gembicki Ron Gatan UOP LLC
Agostino Cavanna Eni SpA Daniele Molinari and Franco Baldiraghi EniTecnologie SpA |
2004 / Q4 |
A study of the economics of applying oxidative desulphurisation
technology, with its dependence on the operating pressure of existing
hydrotreating capacity. Two case studies show how this new route can
form an effective ULSD strategy
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| Sulphuric acid alkylation reactor upgrade |
Steven Ackerman and Paul W Kamienski ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, USA
Kate D Hart and Derek R Styles ExxonMobil Refining and Supply, Australia
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2004 / Q4 |
Upgrading of the sulphuric acid cascade alkylation reactor-settler
system at an Australian refinery decreased acid consumption
significantly and increased product octane. Reactor temperature was
reduced and acid circulation increased
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| Upgrading heavy oils with new catalyst technology |
Balbir Lakhanpal Darryl Klein Park Leung Advanced Refining Technologies LLC
Bruno Tombolesi Grace Davison
Józef Kubiak Polski Koncern Naftowy SA |
2004 / Q4 |
Heavy oil upgrading performance and profitability have been improved
at a refinery in Poland by a new low sediment ebullating bed resid
catalyst technology. The authors report improved unit conversion and
reduced need for HCO diluents
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| FCC additive demonstrations Part 2 |
Guido W Aru Intercat Inc |
2004 / Q4 |
An overview of additive technology for reducing SOx and NOx
emissions, and a review of CO combustion promoter technology and
performance at a refinery. Reduction mechanisms and other factors
affecting performance are described
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| Improving hydrotreater performance |
Ken J Mills Saint-Gobain NorPro
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2004 / Q4 |
An account of the way ceramic technology can reduce hydrotreater
operating cost and downtime by lowering the initial pressure drop. Use
of dual function ceramic media also allows for the initial removal of
nickel and vanadium
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| Improving crude switching control |
Ariffen Adnan and Nyonya Md Sani Petronas
Seung Yun Nam and Y Zak Friedman Petrocontrol |
2004 / Q4 |
Crude unit advance process control has lucrative potential, provided
it performs when it is most needed: during crude switching
disturbances. The authors describe how one company is using first
principles inferential modelling in crude switches
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| Causes of fouling in hydroprocessing units |
Tai-Sheng Chou H2Advance
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2004 / Q4 |
Costly unscheduled hydroprocessing unit turnarounds caused by
fouling can be prevented. This study explores the root cause of process
fouling mechanisms and suggests cost-effective means for implementing
mitigation strategies
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| Crude oil and quality Variations |
Larry N Kremer Baker Petrolite Corporation |
2004 / Q4 |
An assessment of the impact of crudes on operational and product
quality, with an explanation of the way in which the crude oil supply
chain, combined with the sources of many crude constituents, affects
production
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| Maximising plant Availability |
Arturo Grimaldi Andrea Polacchi Claudio Bonventre Technip-Italy SpA
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2004 / Q4 |
With a growing demand in the petrochemical industry for extended
plant availability, the authors demonstrate how a new design practice
was applied to a hydrocracker revamp that maximised the technical
availability of the unit
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| ULSD problems and Solutions |
Scott Sayles Jim Bailor Robert Ohmes KBC Advanced Technologies Inc
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2004 / Q4 |
A review of the common pitfalls in scoping, designing, implementing
and operating ULSD units. The authors offer various solutions, ranging
from optimising hydrogen partial pressures to avoidance of
recombination reactions
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| Foam control in crude units |
Tony Barletta and Edward Hartman Process Consulting Services Inc
David J Leake EGS Systems Inc |
2004 / Q4 |
Installation of vortex tube clusters in crude unit preflash drums
has eliminated foam carry-over, increasing diesel and atmospheric
gasoil product yields. By avoiding preflash drum replacement, these
retrofits have cut revamp investment
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| Increasing vacuum tower performance |
Mark Pilling Nina Prohorenko Alan Szymanski Sulzer Chemtech USA Inc
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2004 / Q4 |
Advantages of using gravity flow liquid distributors in services where, historically, spray nozzles have been used, specifically in refinery vacuum tower wash sections where liquid entrainment must be avoided if capacity is to be increased
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| Engineering gas-to-liquids projects – Part 2 |
Simon C Clarke Foster Wheeler Energy Ltd |
2004 / Q4 |
A selection of profitable contracting strategies for capital-intensive GTL projects. The author reviews how GTL projects have evolved, from their inception through the various stages of engineering and study to the award of an EPC contract
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| Optimising plant turnarounds |
Shaun Dyke PetroQuantum BV
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2004 / Q4 |
An outline of the various steps that need to be taken to improve turnaround performance, specifically addressing key activities, controls, timeframes and the management of risk that constitute turnaround best practice
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| Saving hydrocarbon vapour loss |
Dhilipkannan Natarajan Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Ltd
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2004 / Q4 |
A description of modifying pressure control strategies to avoid n-hexane solvent loss in a process unit’s intermediate storage vessels. A new control philosophy was implemented to improve the existing split-range pressure control strategy
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