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| Gasoline and LCO Hydrotreating |
Roberto Galiasso Tailleur PDVSA-Intevep
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2003 / Q4 |
Hydroprocessing severity and catalyst selection play a significant role in refined product sulphur distribution. But other important factors must be taken into consideration before making an investment to produce ultra low sulphur fuels
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| Review of fluid bed coking technologies |
D G Hammond L F Lampert C J Mart S F Massenzio G E Phillips D L Sellards A C Woerner, ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company |
2003 / Q4 |
This review covers the basic aspects of technologies dealing with fluid bed coking, to provide an understanding of their fundamentals and potential applications, along with some considerations for technology selection
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| Concepts to improve sulphur facility reliability |
Hank M Hudson and Susan M Grigson, Ortloff Engineers Ltd |
2003 / Q4 |
Although many previously discussed concepts differ widely from usual industry practice, the authors have found that in most cases alternative concepts have not only improved reliability but have also reduced capital and operating costs
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| Integrated approach to unit optimisation |
Derya B Özyurt Ralph W Pike F Carl Knopf Michael K Rich Jack R Hopper and Carl L Yaws, Louisiana State University Motiva Enterprises Lamar University |
2003 / Q4 |
Using the flowsheeting, online optimisation and pinch analysis of an advanced process analysis system, increases in profit and energy saving were projected for an alkylation unit through reduced steam usage in the distillation columns
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| Hydrogen technology– an overview |
Sanjiv Ratan Technip-Coflexip
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2003 / Q4 |
Developments in the area of hydrogen production equipment, configurations, catalysts, materials and automation have brought about improved operational reliability and effluents curtailment, as well as achieving lower operating costs
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| FCC monitoring and Optimisation |
George Blair Eurotek Refining Services Ltd
Trish Ferguson Ferguson Consulting
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2003 / Q4 |
A new Excel-based FCC monitoring and optimisation tool has been used to assist in assessing an FCC reactor stripper revamp, a unit troubleshooting problem and a regenerator capacity debottlenecking study
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| Catalyst design for resid applications |
Scott K Purnell Davison Catalysts
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2003 / Q4 |
Higher percentages of heavier feeds can be processed using FCC catalysts designed with improved coke selectivity and metals tolerance. Feedstock properties, along with their dominant bottoms-cracking mechanisms, are also reviewed
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| Options for achieving lower sulphur diesel |
Rick Beaubien and Alan Goelzer, Jacobs Engineering Group Inc |
2003 / Q4 |
A decision point is approaching where each refiner must determine the level of investment in technology, equipment and incremental operating costs needed for producing ultra low sulphur diesel fuels
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| Reducing the cost of ultra low sulphur diesel |
Pankaj H Desai Akzo Nobel Catalysts LLC
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2003 / Q4 |
Optimisation of process variables such as space velocity and operating pressures, using UD-HDS technology, can help to achieve 15ppm sulphur specifications, especially when processing cracked feedstocks
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| Integrated solutions for optimised ULSD economics |
Ronnie Maddox Tom Kalnes Dave Lindsay UOP LLC |
2003 / Q4 |
An illustration of low cost solutions to ultra low sulphur diesel
production, with case studies of integrated hydrocracking revamps –
showing up to 70% savings in new units using new reactor internals –
and novel separation and coprocessing
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| Characterisation and analysis of resids |
James G Speight CD&W Inc
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2003 / Q4 |
A description of the properties that are required for a detailed
evaluation of resids and for comparison between resids and how they
play a role in dictating which refinery operations are necessary for
processing
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| Trouble-free design of refinery fractionators |
Henry Z Kister Fluor Corporation |
2003 / Q4 |
A review of factors most frequently the cause of distillation towers falling short of design objectives. Analysis of case histories provides guidelines for identifying potential troublespots in the most important fractionators
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| Specifications – importance of getting them right |
Steve White and Scott Fulton Process Consulting Services
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2003 / Q4 |
Faulty equipment specifications sometimes carry unforeseen penalties, with loss of performance. But do not blame the original equipment manufacturer, say the authors – it is the process design engineer’s responsibility to meet the objectives
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| Debottlenecking coker Fractionators |
Charlie Herron and Keith Whitt Shell Global Solutions
Greg Hall Shell Oil Products |
2003 / Q4 |
Tradeoffs to be considered when high capacity trays or structured packing is selected to meet the required capacity, product quality and yields, together with ease of maintenance, in the delayed coker main fractionator and gas plant
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| Turnaround performance optimisation |
Paul R Hayes Fluor Corporation
David K Clark BP Amoco Chemical Company
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2003 / Q4 |
Complex problems involving capital and maintenance work at a large olefins plant were overcome by using a system-based work concept to integrate these activities. A case study describes how this was accomplished
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| Creating value from stranded natural gas |
Waldemar Liebner Martin Rothaemel Jens Wagner, Lurgi Oel-Gas-Chemie GmbH
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2003 / Q4 |
Recent developments in methanol-to-propylene conversion are based on a simple fixed-bed reactor system and common processing elements, providing an economic route to dedicated propylene independent of petroleum-based processes
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| Microchannel technology for gas-to-liquids conversion |
Terry Mazanec Velocys Inc |
2003 / Q4 |
MPT technology has the potential to reduce costs in a variety of natural gas upgrading processes, including steam reforming, FT synthesis and methanol synthesis, and in chemical processes of many types
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