|
|
| Reducing refinery SOx emissions |
Eric Butler, Kate Groves and John Hymanyk, Chevron Canada Ltd
Michael Maholland, Patric A Clark and Guido Aru, Intercat Inc
|
2006 / Q3 |
Through an extensive study and 18-month trial, a Canadian refinery chose SOx reduction additive technology to reduce its SOx emissions. Variations in FCCU operating conditions and changes in SO2 emissions targets were taken into consideration.
More
|
|
|
| Benchmarking FCC operations |
C J Farley and Dennis Newell, Engelhard Corporation
Atula V Saraf, Astron International Inc
|
2006 / Q3 |
Benchmarking is an important tool in routine FCC data evaluations. It can be used to validate unit data as well as identify areas for improved performance and show important shifts in FCC operation due to catalyst, technology or feedstock changes.
More
|
|
|
| FCC safety and reliability |
Eric W Hennings, Shaw Stone & Webster
|
2006 / Q3 |
Inbuilt design and operational safety practice in fluid catalytic cracking. Changes to FCC processing over time are described with examples of improvements. Safety instrumentation is discussed, along with the best way of operating the vapour line blind.
More
|
|
|
| Profiting with FCC feestock diversity |
Natalie Petti, Larry Hunt and George Yaluris, Grace Davison.
|
2006 / Q3 |
Despite the availability of hardware for treating FCC feedstocks to comply with clean fuel regulations, gasoline sulphur-reduction catalysts and additives can provide additional options and flexibility while maximising refinery profitability.
More
|
|
|
| Hydrocracker fractionation modification |
Ken Sherman, Dino Chakraborty, Sam Pun and Vince Guarrasi, Colt Engineering
|
2006 / Q3 |
Modification of a hydrocracking unit's fractionation section was re-evaluted and an alternative processing scheme developed, which reduced the total installation cost by almost 50% while mitigating safety annd metallurgical concerns.
More
|
|
|
| Coke drum design |
Coby W Stewart, Aaron M Stryk and Lee Presley, CB&I
|
2006 / Q3 |
Issues to consider for extending the turnaround schedule of a delayed coking unit. Theory behind coke drum failure is discussed, with detailed solutions centred on drum design and support structures.
More
|
|
|
| Evaluating wet scrubbers |
Edwin H Weaver, Belco Technologies Corporation.
|
2006 / Q3 |
The use of both regenerative and non-regenerative wet scrubbing systems to control the emission of particulate and SO2 is well proven and established. Several scenarios, design and selection criteria for each type of system are discussed.
More
|
|
|
| Refining developments and aromatics prospects |
Andy Nicholson, DeWitt & Co Inc
|
2006 / Q3 |
Catalytic reforming will be of growing importance as a source of aromatics. Capacity constraints will underpin aromatics prices for the next three to five years, while the location of refining capacity will dictate future aromatics investment.
More
|
|
|
| Improving sulphur recovery units |
Steven F Meyer and Christina Kulczycki, MECS
Ed Juno, Sinclair Oil Corporation Nick Watts, CEntry Constructors and Engineers
|
2006 / Q3 |
A new alternative to the Claus unit tail gas treatment has been found in the wet gas scrubber. This can maintain or increase acid gas feed rates to the front end of the sulphur recovery unit, while reducing SO2 emissions.
More
|
|
|
| Optimised procedural operations |
Richard Kucharyson, Honeywell.
|
2006 / Q3 |
More focus is now being placed on procedure effectiveness in the management of abnormal situations and process state changes. This helps to increase profitability as well as provide safer and more effective operations.
More
|
|
|
| Furnace combustion management |
Gino DiSimone, SEI Inc
|
2006 / Q3 |
Results-driven innovation is yielding record-breaking advances. Six Sigma methods are being employed with smart metrology to push the envelope of efficiency beyond what was thought to be possibe. Measurement is the first, fundamental step.
More
|
|
|
| Refinery CO2 challenges: Part III |
Joris N Mertens, Klaas Minks and R Michiel Spoor, KBC Process Technology
|
2006 / Q3 |
For the prediction of CO2 emissions from a refinery, simple correlations are not always sufficient. A rigorous simulation tool that includes fractionation and reactor models can help to obtain a correct prediction fo the total emissions.
More
|
|
|
| Improving hydrogen plant operations |
Gene Yeh and Hamad Sobhi, Saudi Aramco
|
2006 / Q3 |
Identification of potential steam reformer tube hot spots and recommendations for better operation of the hydrogen plant in general. Measures taken to prevent water carryover to reforming catalyst and catalyst-loading technology are included.
More
|
|
|
| Optimising ethylene plant compressors |
Krishnan Narayanan, Compressor Controls Corporation
|
2006 / Q3 |
An integrated turbomachinery control system can overcome ethylene plant process constraints by operating closer to the compressor's presure limits, which can have a significant economic impact on a plant's operating revenues and bottom line.
More
|
|
|
| Rejuvenation process for compressors |
Nicole Retz and Georg Samland, Burckhardt Compression AG
|
2006 / Q3 |
Two case studies try to assess how much expenditure of time is warranted when checking old parts subject to high loads, and show that a generalised statement concerning the need for complex structural analysis is not possible.
More
|
|
|
| Reducing rotating equipment downtime |
Jim Crissman and John Gobert, Valero Refining Company
|
2006 / Q3 |
A managed lube oil programme can substantially reduce the maintenance costs of critical machines, such as compressors, turbines, electric motors and pumps, especially when combined with expanded preventive maintenance.
More
|
|
|